Annotated+Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography 1 Alaska Region. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. //Effects of Oil Spills on Wildlife// //and Habitat//. Anchorage, Alaska: U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. Print.

Information: This is an informational piece of work meant to inform people of the affects of oil to plants and wildlife. Summary: The author in this piece does not take a position, they simply state the damage that can be done from oil. The article is loaded with facts that help the reader understand the affects. Evaluation: All the information is very well researched. The article comes from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The author isn’t bias, and clearly states the information, which is well adressed. Reflection: This source is very helpful to me. This evidence supports my topic so I will be able to use a lot of this information for my topic.

Annotated Bibliography 2 Hampton, Steve. "Why Care for Oiled Wildife? ." //Oiled Wildlife Care Network//. Wildlife Health Center, 2010. Web. 6 Oct. 2010. [|http://www.owcn.org/about-oiled-wildlife/why-rehabilitate] The author of this article is a professor at the University of California, Davis campus, and is an expert in the field of oil and effects on wildlife. The author tells us about the animals that are rehabilitated after being affected by oil, and what their chances of survival are. The author also talks about those animal’s quality of life and the costs it takes to fund these efforts. The author is arguing for the rehab efforts, and says the costs of the wildlife rehabilitation is usually less than 5% of the total cost of the oil spill. All this evidence is well researched because most of the information is taken from what happened with the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska. This information is very helpful, and I will definitly use it. This information helps me develop my argument that wildlife is significantly affected by oil spills. Annotated Bibliography 3 "Effects on Wildlife." //Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research//. N.p., 2008. Web. 8 Oct. 2010. . This article focuses on the oil effects on birds. The article comes from a bird research group, so it is definitely reliable. This article talks about how the eggs of birds can become contaminated if there is an oil spill. This author is not arguing anything in this article, they are just stating the facts. The article’s topics range from how the bird’s feathers are affected by the oil, to how they are internally affected by the oil. The author has facts to back up everything they say, and everything is well researched. It is also well addressed and the author is not bias. This information will be helpful to use for my topic. I will now be able to inform people of the affects of oil on birds. Annotated Bibliography 4 Darien, Chris H. "Long-term Effects of BP Oil Spill Lingering on Sea Floor?" //Modern Hippie Mag//. University of Georgia Department of Marine Sciences , 4 Oct. 2010. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. . The author of this article is not too well qualified, but they interview people who are, so the article is still loaded with good information. This is an informational report about the long term effects of oil. The author asks experts about the oil and its long term effects. The main point of the article is, the oil has not dissapeared, but it has sank to the bottom. One of the reasons why so much oil may have sunk was because it was broken up into tiny droplets by chemical dispersants, making the oil so small that it wasn’t buoyant enough to rise as would otherwise be expected. The author provides facts and evidence about the topic to back up his arguments. All the work is clearly stated and well reasearched. The experts the author interviews are from University of Georgia, and Louisiana State Univerity. In this article, the author does not take a certain position, and is not bias. This source is going to be very helpful in my research. This is my first source that explains some of the long term effects of the oil. There is a lot of evidence that supports my topic, and that can help me develop my argument.

Annotated Bibliography 5 "Oil Spill." //Thinkquest//. Oracle, 2002. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. . It is clear that the author of this article did a good job researching the topic. The article is an informational report, that is intended to be read by kids or adults who are interested in the topic. The author is not arguing a point, but they are explaining how the oil does have serious negative impacts on all animals that are effected. One of the main parts of this article is about the small organisms. This information will be very helpful to me because this is the first information I have found on that topic. The author also talks about the mammals that are effected. The author provides facts from past oil spills and how those animals were effected and how they recovered. The information is also well researched and clearly stated. The author does not take a side on the topic. This source will definitly be helpful. I learned that when the small organisms are killed by the oil, this really effects the food chain and can cause endagerment, and sometimes even extinction of some species. This will help me develop a good argument on how oil can cause signifigant damage to wildlife.

Annotated Bibliography 6 //University of Florida//. Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. . The author who wrote this article is a professor at the University of Florida, so she is very well educated. This is an informational piece about the indirect affects of oil. The intended audience of this article is anyone who wants to learn about the affects oil has on wildlife. The author is not arguing a point, she is stating the facts about the indirect affects oil has on animals. For example, a few indirect effects are, relocation of home ranges as animals search for new sources of food, increases in the amount of time animals must spend foraging, and disruptions to natural life cycles. This article also talks about specific animals and how they will be effected, For example, sea turtle adults are probably most susceptible to oil spills through inhalation when they surface to breathe, or through ingestion of soiled plant materials. The author uses evidence gathered from previous oil spills. All the work is well researched, and has been addressed properly. The author is not bias, and does not take a side, or argue a certain position. This source has been very helpful in my research, and will help me with my project. This was the first source I have come across that has the indirect effects oil has on wildlife. || Annotated Bibliography 7 Cardinale, Matthew. "Fears grow over oil spill's long-term effects on food chain." //Guardian Environmental Network//. N.p., 1 June 2010. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. . The author of this article obtains his information from experts in the field. The article is an informational piece about some of the endangered species in the Gulf of Mexico, and how they will be effected. The intended audience is people who are not experts in the field, and want to learn about the topic. The author does not take a side, and does not argue a certain point. Some of the endangered species are Leatherback sea turtles, the Sperm Whale, and birds such as the Piping Plover and the Gulf Sturgeon. Throughout the article, there are quotes from experts in the field, such as Micheal Blum who is a professor at Tulane University's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. Another topic in the article that is discussed is he unprecedented use of toxic dispersants to break up the oil. The EPA admits that impact these dispersants will have is unknown. All the work is well researched, and is adequately addressed. The author is not bias, and does not argue a certain position. This source was helpful for my research. This is the first information I have gotten on the endangered species, and the chances they have to recover. This source will also help me develop my argument because, the effects the oil will have on the endangered species is a big issue.
 * || Ober, Holly K. "Effects of oil spills on marine and coastal wildlife."

Annotated Bibliography 8 Bik, Holly. "Impact of Gulf Oil Spill on Smallest Creatures Remains Unknown ." //Our Amazing Planet//. N.p., 8 Oct. 2010. Web. 22 Oct. 2010. . The author of this article is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of New Hampshire. Currently, she is studying how the oil spill has affected diversity of the tiny creatures that live in the intertidal regions of the beaches. This article is an informational piece. The intended audience is anyone who is not an expert in the field. The author does not take a certain position, but it is clear that she is very upset about what is going on. Recently, Holly Bik has been driving around from beach to beach on the Gulf coast collecting sand samples. She has covered over 1,300 miles during this time. On the beaches, she has found evidence of oil. Bik said this could have a big impact on the meiofaunal organisms, which are the fungis, algaes and microscopic animals. The author has evidence from her first hand experiences. All this work is well researched, and well addressed. The author is not bias, and does not argue a certain position. This source will be very helpful for me to use. This is the first information I have obtained about the oil on the beaches. It will also be helpful to me as I continue to develop my argument.

Annotated Bibliography 9 Web. 3 Nov. 2010. . The author of this source is well qualified to write this article. The intended audience is any average person who wants to learn more about the affects the oil will have. The author states the negative affects of the spill on the environment. Some of the main arguments of this article are about how the oil will affect the coastline, and what affects it will have on the water as well. Throughout the article, the author states facts they have obtained through past experience. All the work is clear, and well researched. The author has a bias against the oil, and believes these affects will be very costly. This source will be very helpful for me, and will help me develop my argument. || Annotated Bibliography 10 Yarrett, Ian. "The Great Unknowns in Gulf Oil Spill." //Newsweek// 24 May 2010: 1,2. //Newsweek//. Web. 4 Nov. 2010. . The author of this article has been writing about the spill in the Gulf since day one. The intended audience is anyone who wants to learn more about the environmental impacts of the oil spill. The author does not have a bias towards any side, they are just stating the facts about the oil spill. One of the main points the author makes is about the long term effects of the oil on the sea life. Some of those long term effects are impaired growth or decrease in reproduction. The author gets their facts from researchers and scientists on the scene. All the work is clearly stated and well researched. It was also very helpful for me and will remain helpful throughout my research.
 * || Heron, S.F. "How Does an Oil Spill Affect The Environment? ." //eHow//. N.p., 2010.